Part Used

Root, rhizome

Systems

Reproductive (female); urinary; musculoskeletal; respiratory

Actions

Anti-rheumatic; antispasmodic; diuretic; emmenagogue; phytoestrogenic; sedative; uterine tonic; uterine stimulant

Traditional Uses

Anti-spasmodic and analgesic actions useful for treating PMS including dysmenorrhea (menstrual cramps) and uterine fibroids. Utilised in the management of perimenopausal and menopausal symptoms, including hot flashes and night sweats, and to inhibit the development of osteoporosis. Indicated for muscle cramps and spasms. May help in the treatment of tinnitus, cough, asthma, rheumatism stiff neck, aches after strenuous exercise and sciatica. ^1. 2.

Part Used

Aerial (leaf)

Systems

Gastrointestinal; reproductive

Actions

Alterative; anti-cholesterol; anti-hemorrhagic; anti-tumorogenic; astringent; choleretic & cholagogue; diuretic; hepatic; hypolipidemic; nutritive; phytoestrogenic; uterine tonic

Traditional Uses

Rich in vitamins and minerals. A valuable nutritive that can stimulate appetite and enhances overall nutrition while promoting the digestion and assimilation of foods. Often included in detoxification teas for its nutritional, alkalizing and cleansing actions. Helpful for the treatment of anemia and arthritis. A restorative tonic for the reproductive system. Phytoestrogenic effects restore strength and tone to mammary, ovarian and uterine tissue in females and towards the prostate in males. May help in the treatment of osteoporosis and a variety of menstrual and menopausal complaints. ^2.

Part Used

Fruit/seed

System

Gastrointestinal; bronchial

Actions

Analgesic; antioxidant; anti-spasmodic & carminative; anti-microbial; galactogogue; expectorant

Traditional Uses

Is a reliable carminative – relieves cramps, nausea and flatulence. An excellent expectorant and anti-spasmodic; provides relief from cough, bronchial inflammation and spasmodic asthma. Soothes sore throat; often used in lozenges. Helps increase milk production in lactating mothers. Has beneficial effects on menopausal hot flashes in women. ^1. 2.

Part Used

Flower

Systems

Gastrointestinal; skin

Actions

Anti-depressant; anti-inflammatory; antispasmodic; aphrodisiac; astringent; carminative; diuretic (mild); laxative; menstrual regulator; nutritive

Traditional Uses

Used as a nutritional supplement for inflamed eyes (rose water), earaches, mouth sores, sore throat, colds and flus, urinary tract inflammations, kidney and bladder problems, and menstrual complaints. A tonic for the heart. Applied topically to sores and scabs. Promotes elimination of uric acid (for rheumatism and gout). ^1.

Part Used

Rind

Systems

Respiratory

Actions

Anti-emetic; astringenet; carminative; immuno-modulator; laxative (mild); nutritive

Traditional Uses

A rich source of Vitamin C. May help to expel nicotine from the body (for smoking cessation). Helpful in respiratory distress, bronchitis, colds, flus, and lung cancer. Bitter flavour may help reduce bad breath, support digestive processes, and reduce constipation. ^2.