Part Used

Leaves

Systems

Reproductive

Actions

Anti-diarrheal; anti-emetic; anti-nauseant; astringent; galactagogue; partufacient; thermogenic agents; uterine tonic;

Traditional Uses

Used traditionally to facilitate childbirth; exerts paradoxical actions of uterine relaxation and tonification to reduce post-partum hemorrhage, heavy menses, and after pains of labour. Will tonify the smooth muscle layer of the uterus, increase contractility, regularity of contractions and decreasing spasms in cases of dysmenorrhea. As an astringent, useful in the treatment of diarrhea and similar enteric disorders; may be useful for bacterial infection, pain and inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. Healing for conjunctivitis, mouth ulcers, and inflammations, tonsillitis, sore throat and bleeding gums, burns, minor wounds and varicose ulcers.

Contraindication:  Avoid during first 16 weeks of pregnancy; only use during labour with professional supervision. ^1. 2.

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Part Used

Berry

Systems

Reproductive

Actions

Diaphoretic; diuretic; detoxifier; laxative

Traditional Uses

Rich in antioxidants, fiber, and vitamin A, C and E. High in B-complex group of vitamins, vitamin K, B-6, niacin, riboflavin and folic acid. Beneficial source of minerals – potassium, manganese, copper, iron and magnesium. ^2.

Part Used

Flowerheads

Systems

Immune; skin; reproductive

Actions

Alterative; antispasmodic; anti-tumorigenic; diuretic; expectorant; hepatic; nervine sedative; nutritive; phytoestrogenic

Traditional Uses

Traditionally used as a blood cleanser, expectorant, analgesic, antiseptic, and to treat rheumatic aches. Useful for any chronic condition of toxicity; enhances the detoxification functions of the liver, especially in the treatment of chronic skin conditions – boils, acne, eczema and psoriasis. Exerts some of the most potent phytoestrogenic effects among medicinal plants and is incredibly valuable for menopausal women; high mineral content may improve bone and cardiovascular health. Used internally and topically as an anti-cancer treatment. ^1. 2.

Part Used

Aerial parts

Systems

Gastrointestinal

Actions

Analgesic; anti-emetic; anti-inflammatory; antimicrobial; antispasmodic; carminative; choleretic; cholagogue; diaphoretic; expectorant; nervine (sedative/stimulant)

Traditional Uses

Temporarily inhibits mucous secretions (due to menthol component); used whenever there is excess mucous secreted, helping also with its antispasmodic and carminative effects. One of the best carminatives available – relaxing the visceral muscles and relieving intestinal colic and flatulence; helpful in IBS. A mild anaesthetic to the stomach wall – helps with feelings of nausea during travel or pregnancy. Safe for children. Essential oil used topically for rheumatism, sprains and strains. ^1. 2.

Part Used

Fruit

Systems

Gastrointestinal

Actions

Aromatic; carminative; stimulant

Traditional Uses

May increase perspiration, and act as a mild gastrointestinal stimulant. Useful for digestion and flatulency. Also used traditionally as a mild expectorant for coughs, and to clear the lungs. Activates the medicinal properties of turmeric, and adds warmth and stimulation to tea formulas. ^2.